Answer :
The order of basicity for these compounds is:
- Pyridine.
- 3-nitropyridine.
- 3-chloropyridine.
The basicity of a compound refers to its ability to donate a pair of electrons. In general, the more electronegative an atom is, the less basic a compound will be. The electronegativity of the atoms in a compound can be used to predict its basicity.
In the case of the compounds you listed, pyridine is the most basic because it has the least electronegative atoms. 3-nitropyridine is less basic than pyridine because it has a nitro group (-NO2), which is more electronegative than a hydrogen atom. Finally, 3-chloropyridine is the least basic because it has a chlorine atom, which is even more electronegative than a nitro group.
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