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Answer :

Answer:

Examples of primary reinforcers include food, water, air, shelter, and sleep. Primary reinforcers also include the removal of aversive conditions such as pain, extremes in temperature, or hunger

Given options from the question are

A.money

B.grades

C.diplomas

D. Food

E. Certificates of achievement

Food is the only primary reinforcer as regards the question.

  • Primary Reinforcer can be regarded as those stimulus which is needed and biologically important to an organism.
  • Examples primary reinforcer are: water, food as well as sleep.
  • Primary reinforcer usually results into involuntary response, these response could be recoiling, drooling, and trembling.
  • Secondary Reinforcer can be regarded as one that causes a behavior to be reinforced after its association with a stimulus.
  • money, grades as well as diplomas and Certificates falls into the category of secondary reinforcer because they are not biologically required by an organism.

Therefore, option D is right.

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