The reason why red is the only color seen after white light passes thrrough the filter is:
B. The color filter absorbs all colors except red light.
As we know, light is a form of energy and a type of electromagnetic radiation. In the case of this experiments the light that is being used is the visible light that is only one part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Visible light contains all colors, and they differ in wavelengh.
In this case, we are told that the only color of light that passes through the filter is red, and as we know the light that is going into the filter contains all colors (the complete visible spectrum). Therefore we know that the filter absorbs all colors exept for red light.