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The U.S. Bureau of the Census prediction for the percentage of the population 65 years and older can be modeled as p(x) = −0.00022x3 + 0.014x2 − 0.0033x + 12.236 percent where x is the number of years since 2000, data from 0 ≤ x ≤ 50.

Answer :

Part 1: The point of maxima is 21.212

Part 2: x = 21.212 is approximately equal to the year 2022

Part 3: The percentage at that time is 16.37%

Part 4: The rate of change of the percentage at that time is 0.294

Part 1:

p(x) = −0.00022x^3 + 0.014x^2 − 0.0033x + 12.236

where x is the number of years since 2000, data from 0<=x<=50

Differentiating the function with respect to x and equating it to 0

p'(x) = -0.00066x^2 + 0.028x - 0.0033

We will find the critical points of p'(x)

p''(x) = dp'(x)/dx  = -0.00132x + 0.028

Critical points of p'(x) lies at x where p''(x) = 0

Thus, -0.00132x + 0.028 = 0

x = 0.028/0.00132 = 21.212

Now, p'''(x) = -0.00132<0

x = 21.212 is a point of maxima of p'(x)

Therefore, the maximum possible values of x could lie at x = 21.212 as well as the extreme points of the domain p'(x), i.e. at x = 0 and 50

p'(0) = -0.00066(0)^2 + 0.028(0) - 0.0033 = -0.0033

p'(21.212) = -0.00066(21.212)^2 + 0.028(21.212) - 0.0033 = 0.2936

p'(50) = -0.00066(50)^2 + 0.028(50) - 0.0033 = -0.2533

Hence p'(x) attains maxima at x = 21.212

Therefore, p(x) increases most rapidly at x = 21.212

Part 2:

From the given condition in the question, x = 0 corresponds to the year 2000

Thus x = 21.212 is approximately equal to year 2022

Part 3:

The percentage at that time:

p(x) = −0.00022x^3 + 0.014x^2 − 0.0033x + 12.236

p(21.212) = -0.00022(21.212)^3 + 0.014(21.212)^2 - 0.0033(21.212) + 12.236

= 16.365

= 16.37%

Part 4:

Rate of change of the percentage at that time

p(x) = −0.00022x^3 + 0.014x^2 − 0.0033x + 12.236

p'(21.212) = -0.00066(21.212)^3 + 0.028(21.212) - 0.0033

= 0.2936

=0.294

Learn more about differentiation;

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