In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, gene regulation most commonly occurs at the level of transcription initiation.
What is transcription?
Transcription involves the copying of a DNA fragment into RNA. DNA segments that are translated into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are known as messenger RNA. RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs are made up of copies of different DNA sequences. MRNA makes up just 1% to 3% of all RNA samples.
What distinguishes eukaryotic transcription from that of prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic transcription takes place inside the nucleus, whereas prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm. Proteins referred to as transcriptional factors are required for eukaryotic transcription but not for prokaryotic transcription.
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