Answer :
The lead-acid battery used in truck and car batteries is depicted in the following cell diagram: The comma between PbO2(s) and pbSO4(s) indicates that the two solids are heterogeneously mixed, and the right
(a)The balanced net cell reaction is given below.
[tex]Pb(s)+PbO_2(s)+2H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow 2PbSO_4(s)+2H_2O(l)[/tex]
(b)The standard potentials for cathode and anode are as given below.
[tex]E^0_{anode}[/tex]=+1.685V
[tex]E^0_{anode}[/tex]-0.356V
[tex]E^0_{cell}=E^0_{cathode}-E^0_{anode}[/tex]=1.685V-(-0.356V)=2.041V
(c) [tex]\Delta G^0 =-nFE^0_{cell}=-2 \times 96500 \times 2.041=[/tex]-393913 J/mol = -393.9 kJ/mol
(d)[tex]E_{cell}=E^0_{cell}+\frac {0.0592}{2}log[H_2SO_4]=2.041 V+\frac {0.0592}{2}log10.0[/tex]=2.071V
(e) The number of lead-acid cells in a 12 V car battery = [tex]\frac {12}{2.071} \approx 6[/tex]
Two electrodes that are buried in a sulfuric acid electrolyte make up a lead-acid battery. In contrast to the negative electrode, which is fastened to a grid of metallic lead, the positive electrode is constructed of metallic lead oxide grains. Both flooded and valve-regulated lead-acid batteries fall within this category. Although less expensive than valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, flooded lead-acid batteries need more ventilation and maintenance. Due in large part to their portability and affordable price, lead-acid batteries are frequently employed in renewable energy systems. The low number of charging-discharging cycles, low discharge intensities, short lives, and slow charging rates of these batteries provide several difficulties.
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