Dehydration can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include heat, excessive activity, insufficient fluid consumption, excessive sweating, or medication side effects.
What is dehydration of an alcohol?
One route to the synthesis of alkenes is the dehydration of alcohols. This is the process by which alcohols lose water and form double bonds via E1 or E2 mechanisms. Dehydration reactions of alcohols to form alkenes occur by heating alcohols in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures.
Alcohol is amphoteric. They act as both acids and bases. The lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom makes the -OH group weakly basic. Oxygen can donate two electrons to an electron-poor proton. Therefore, in the presence of a strong acid, R-OH acts as a base and is protonated to the strongly acidic alkyloxonium ion +OH 2 (protonated tertiary alcohols have pKas as low as -3.8). I can). This fundamental property of alcohols is essential for dehydration reactions with acids to form alkenes.
Therefore, dehydration may be a cause unrelated to the underlying disease. Examples include fever, excessive activity, not drinking enough fluids, excessive sweating, and side effects of medications.
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