how did the leaders of the ghana, mali, and songhai empires become wealthy and maintain control over the western sudan? they formed alliances with north african states to militarily dominate the entire african continent. they generated wealth primarily through cattle breeding and used christianity to unite the people within their realms. they lacked productive agriculture, but were able to build wealthy states by monopolizing the continent's trade in ivory. they controlled access to west african gold during a period when gold was in very high demand.

Just as the Ghana Empire was establishing itself, West Africa experienced a boom in trade that brought wealth and power. It undoubtedly helped that the empire was in charge of the three important gold fields that were south of them.

A wealth of rich land and important marine trade routes were accessible due to Carthage's advantageous location. With a vast trade network that extended as far as northern Europe, west Africa, and west Asia, it was able to export both valuable agricultural and manufactured goods as well as a wide range of commodities from the ancient world.

Ghana grew to be a strong empire thanks to the gold-salt trade in Africa, where they controlled the trade routes and levied taxes on merchants. Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became great, strong West African kingdoms thanks to their control over the gold-salt trade routes.

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