Consumer advocates, government agencies, and other critics have accused marketing of harming consumers through Planned obsolescence.
- The technique of engineering items to break fast or become outdated in the short- to medium-term is known as planned obsolescence. This often has the goal of promoting the sales of new items and upgrades, a technique that is prohibited in several nations.
- Planned obsolescence isn't always seen negatively, though. Businesses might take part in this activity merely as a cost-control measure. A smartphone maker could choose, for instance, to employ components in its phones that have a maximum lifespan of five years rather than components that have a potential lifespan of twenty years.
- Value engineering and functional obsolescence are the best forms of planned obsolescence. Value engineering is a method of product design that aims to utilise the least amount of materials feasible while yet providing an acceptable life duration.
Thus the answer is Option E.
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