Answer :
The right answer is frameshift mutations which change the codons downstream of the mutation. The reading frame may change as a result of a mutation, such as an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide and the arrangement of amino acids is completely altered.
The addition or deletion of nucleotide bases in amounts that are not multiples of three causes a frameshift mutation in a gene. This is important because proteins are written in units of three nucleotides that cells can read. One of the 20 unique amino acids that are utilized to produce a protein is represented by each of these "triplet codons." The entire gene sequence after the mutation will be misread because there is change in regular reading frame. The protein may thus receive the incorrect amino acids or it may gain a codon that prevents it from becoming longer.
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