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A person is out fishing and cuts their finger with a fillet knife. Although the wound is small, the laceration provides an entry point for bacteria (Vibrio vulnificus), which invade the tissue. Draw a flow chart of the steps that would be employed by a neutrophil to eliminate a bacterial cell. Assume that no antibodies are present that recognize the bacteria as foreign.

Answer :

Neutrophils are white blood cells that serve as the initial line of defense against harmful microbes.

If an antibody is present, neutrophils will phagocytose the bacterium, digest it, and express it on MHC.

However, in the absence of antibodies, it can release several substances (reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide species) and build extracellular traps to remove germs from the body.

Neutrophil extracellular traps generate antimicrobial proteins such histones, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin etc. This trap has a strong affinity for bacterial DNA (pathogen). It will bind and destructs the bacteria cell.

Reactive oxygen species will digest the bacterial cell, and the human cell will take the part of the bacterial cell (amino acids or other useful compounds) and eliminate the debris.

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