Answer :
(1) An enzyme's active site is the region where catalytic action takes place, i.e. (a). A substrate's shape can be accommodated by an active site in the lock-and-key paradigm (paragraph 2)). (3) An active site with a hard form is called induced-fit (c).
The area of an enzyme that directly binds to a substrate and catalyzes a reaction is known as the active site. It has amino acid catalytic groups, which help with bond formation and breakdown. One of the two models that explain the interaction between enzymes and substrates is the lock and key model, often known as Fisher's theory. The lock and key hypothesis counts on the equal shapes of the substrate and the enzyme's active site.
The active site of the enzyme is assumed to be properly sized for the substrate. The term "induced fit" describes how an enzyme's conformation and shape continuously change in response to substrate interaction. As a result, the activation energy barrier is lowered, allowing an increase in the reaction's overall rate. This turns the enzyme catalytic. According to the "lock-and-key" concept of enzyme-substrate interaction, the enzyme and the substrate have distinct complimentary geometric geometries that perfectly fit one another. Enzymes are extremely specialized. Before they can catalyze a chemical process, they first need to bind to a particular substrate.
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