Isadora is a first-year surgery resident on her first pediatric rotation. Her attending (consultant) asks her to immediately start intravenous (IV) replacement fluids on a two-year-old girl who is experiencing vomiting and diarrhea. Isadora has recently learned the guidelines for calculating fluid replacement rates for very small children; however, she confuses them and picks a rate that is too high. Which of the following reasons that errors often occur in health care most clearly played a role in this scenario?
A. Providers may not be prepared to work as a well-integrated team, so multiple caregivers and patient handovers leave room for miscommunication at every turn.
B. Diagnosing and treating patients is incredibly complex and often performed under time pressure and/or with insufficient information.
C. The science of medicine is filled with nuance and gray areas, and what one health care organization feels is good practice, another may not.
D. The "culture of safety" (meaning the attitudes, perceptions, and values that employees share in relation to safety) may be weak in health care compared to other high-risk industries.