When carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine are combined, photosynthesis takes place, producing sugar and oxygen. The light reactions of photosynthesis involve light-driven proton and electron exchanges. In contrast, the dark responses entail the fixation of CO2 into carbohydrates by the Calvin-Benson cycle, which takes place in the stroma.
Light-dependent processes create chemical energy. Since the operation of this device requires light, it must take place in natural or artificial light.
The light-independent or "dark" reactions, which occur concurrently with the light reactions and come to an end when the sun sets or the light is turned off, function to make sugar from accessible carbon dioxide (CO2) and are propelled by the chemical energy created by the light reactions.
So, we can say that the dark reactions of photosynthesis involve fixing CO2 into carbohydrates, whereas the light reactions involve proton and electron exchanges driven by light.
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